LABORATORY VALUES - BLOOD AND OTHER CELLS Please note any known results, even if all you know is that they were "normal". Skip all questions that you are uncertain of. You may enter further information at the end.
945.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) or Red Blood Cell Sedimentation Rate
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LABORATORY VALUES - BLOOD CHEMISTRIES Please note any known results, even if all you know is that they were "normal". Skip all questions that you are uncertain of. You may enter further information at the end.
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There can be several, sometimes confusing, reference ranges for laboratory values depending upon many factors. In some cases you may need to note the reference range given with your report to select a general like 'low', 'normal' or 'high'.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen). Usually measured in mg/dL in the US. Elevations may be called azotemia.
Don't know
Less than 8 mg/dL
Less than 2.8 mmol/L
8 to 18 mg/dL (normal)
2.8 to 6.4 mmol/L
19 to 24 mg/dL (high)
6.5 to 8.5 mmol/L
Over 24 mg/dL
Over 8.5 mmol/L
967.
C-Peptide, serum or plasma. Use the reference ranges given with your report to select the best answer.
Don't know
Nearly none
Low
Normal
Elevated
968.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Preferably this is the 'highly sensitive' form of the test. It is usually measured in mg/L.
Don't know
0.0 to 0.8 (low)
0.9 to 2.3 (satisfactory)
2.4 to 6.6 (elevated)
Over 6.7 (very elevated)
969.
Calcium. This is total, not ionized calcium measured in mg/dL.
Don't know
Less than 8.4
8.4 to 10.2 (normal)
10.3 to 11.0
Over 11.0
970.
Cholesterol, Total. What is your total cholesterol level?
Don't know
Less than 150 (low)
150 to 200 (normal)
201 to 240 (mildly elevated)
Over 240 (elevated)
971.
Cholesterol, HDL. What is your fasting HDL cholesterol level?
Don't know
0 to 20 (very low)
21 to 35 (low)
36 to 60 (normal)
Over 60
972.
Cholesterol, LDL. What is your fasting LDL cholesterol level?
Don't know
Less than 100 (optimal)
100 to 130 (normal)
131 to 160 (borderline high)
Over 160 (high)
973.
CO2 (carbon dioxide or total CO2). This is usually measured in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Some labs may call it HCO3, but is routinely reported along with the electrolytessodium, potassium and chloride.
Don't know
Under 22 (low)
22 to 31 (normal)
Over 31 (high)
974.
Cortisol, serum - Early AM sample. (Kortisol) This would be your cortisol reading without using cortisol medication. Saliva levels can be used also by inserting your value as determined by your lab using the range labels - low, normal, high, etc..
Don't know
Less than 5 mcg/dL (low)
Less than 138 nmol/L
5 to 23 mcg/dL (normal)
138 to 650 nmol/L
24 to 30 mcg/dL (high)
651 to 800 nmol/L
Over 30 mcg/dL (very high)
Over 800 nmol/L
975.
Cortisol, serum - PM sample. (Kortisol) This would be your cortisol reading without using cortisol medication.
Don't know
Less than 1 mcg/dL (low)
Less than 83 nmol/L
1 to 8 mcg/dL (normal)
83 to 414 nmol/L
9 to 14 mcg/dL (high)
415 to 600 nmol/L
Over 14 mcg/d (very high)
Over 600 nmol/L
976.
Cortisol, 24 hour urine (usually per unit of creatinine). This would be your cortisol reading without using cortisol medication.
Triglycerides, fasting. This is what they would be without medication.
Don't know
Less than 40
40 to 199 (normal)
200 to 600
Over 600
990.
Uric acid
Don't know
Under 3.5 (very low)
3.5 to 4.5 (somewhat low)
4.6 to 7.0 (normal)
Over 7.0 (elevated)
LABORATORY VALUES - HORMONES Please note any known results, even if all you know is that they were "normal". Skip all questions that you are uncertain of. You may enter further information at the end.
991.
For reporting any hormone levels, what kind of testing was used?
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LABORATORY VALUES - NUTRIENTS Please note any known results, even if all you know is that they were "normal". Skip all questions that you are uncertain of. You may enter further information at the end.
Iodine Patch. How quickly does an iodine patch disappear?
Don't know
Less than 4 hours
4 to 8 hours
9 to 12 hours
It lasts at least 12 hours (normal)
1008.
Tryptophan. Have your blood or urine tryptophan levels been measured within the past 3 months?
No / don't know
Very low
Low
Normal
Elevated
1009.
Zinc. If you have taken the oral zinc test, what was your sensation?
I have not taken it / don't know
Tasteless
Distinctly dry, metallic, fuzzy, sweet
Slowly becoming objectionable (normal)
Rapidly objectionable
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LABORATORY VALUES - URINE
1010.
Have you had protein in the urine? Leave the default answer if protein was found, but it was due to a bacterial infection of the bladder of kidneys. Please make a comment below if your answer is "Yes" and you know what kind of protein was found.
Don't know
No, none present on lab testing
In the past only
Small to moderate amount
Large / Significant amount
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LABORATORY VALUES - X-RAYs, MRIs & OTHER SCANS Please note any known results, even if all you know is that they were "normal". Skip all questions that you are uncertain of. You may enter further information at the end.
1011.
Chest X-ray. If you have had one within the past year, what was the result?
I have not had one (recently) / don't know
Normal, and I have never had an abnormal one
Normal, but I have had previous abnormal one(s)
It was my first abnormal one
Abnormal, and I have had previous abnormal one(s)
1012.
Has a MRI of your brain indicated any lesions in the white matter?
Don't know
No, none present
Possibly
Yes, in at least one area
Yes, in several areas
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GLOSSARY
Alkaline: A solution having a pH greater than seven.
Antibody: A type of serum protein (globulin) synthesized by white blood cells of the lymphoid type in response to an antigenic (foreign substance) stimulus. Antibodies are complex substances formed to neutralize or destroy these antigens in the blood. Antibody activity normally fights infection but can be damaging in allergies and a group of diseases that are called autoimmune diseases.
Basophil: The basophils account for about 1% of the granulocyte count (60 to 75% of the white blood cells). They release chemicals such as histamine and play a role in the inflammatory response to infection.
Calcium: The body's most abundant mineral. Its primary function is to help build and maintain bones and teeth. Calcium is also important to heart health, nerves, muscles and skin. Calcium helps control blood acid-alkaline balance, plays a role in cell division, muscle growth and iron utilization, activates certain enzymes, and helps transport nutrients through cell membranes. Calcium also forms a cellular cement called ground substance that helps hold cells and tissues together.
CD4: A symbol for glycoprotein expressed on the surface of some lymphocytes, including Helper T cells. Human CD4 is the receptor that serves as a docking site for HIV viruses on certain lymphocyte cells. Binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 is the first step in viral entry, leading to the fusion of viral and cell membrane.
Cholesterol: A waxy, fat-like substance manufactured in the liver and found in all tissues, it facilitates the transport and absorption of fatty acids. In foods, only animal products contain cholesterol. An excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Cobalamin: Vitamin B-12. Essential for normal growth and functioning of all body cells, especially those of bone marrow (red blood cell formation), gastrointestinal tract and nervous system, it prevents pernicious anemia and plays a crucial part in the reproduction of every cell of the body i.e. synthesis of genetic material (DNA).
CRP: C-reactive protein. A sensitive measure of inflammation in the body.
DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid produced by the adrenal glands and is the most abundant one found in humans. DHEA may be transformed into testosterone, estrogen or other steroids. It is found in the body as DHEA or in the sulfated form known as DHEA-S. One form is converted into the other as needed.
Electrolyte: An element or compound that, when melted or dissolved in water or other solvent, breaks up into ions and is able to carry an electric current.
Enzymes: Specific protein catalysts produced by the cells that are crucial in chemical reactions and in building up or synthesizing most compounds in the body. Each enzyme performs a specific function without itself being consumed. For example, the digestive enzyme amylase acts on carbohydrates in foods to break them down.
Eosinophil: The eosinophils, ordinarily about 2% of the granulocyte count (60 to 75% of the white blood cells), increase in number in the presence of allergic disorders and parasitic infestations.
ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentaion Rate is a screening test and not considered diagnostic for any particular disorder. It is useful in detecting and monitoring inflammatory conditions, tuberculosis, tissue necrosis (tissue death), connective tissue disease, or an otherwise unsuspected disease in which symptoms are vague or physical findings are minimal.
Folic Acid: A B-complex vitamin that functions along with vitamin B-12 and vitamin C in the utilization of proteins. It has an essential role in the formation of heme (the iron containing protein in hemoglobin necessary for the formation of red blood cells) and DNA. Folic acid is essential during pregnancy to prevent neural tubular defects in the developing fetus.
Glucose: A sugar that is the simplest form of carbohydrate. It is commonly referred to as blood sugar. The body breaks down carbohydrates in foods into glucose, which serves as the primary fuel for the muscles and the brain.
Hemoglobin: The oxygen-carrying protein of the blood found in red blood cells.
High-Density Lipoprotein: (HDL): Also known as "good" cholesterol, HDLs are large, dense, protein-fat particles that circulate in the blood picking up already used and unused cholesterol and taking them back to the liver as part of a recycling process. Higher levels of HDLs are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease because the cholesterol is cleared more readily from the blood.
Hormones: Chemical substances secreted by a variety of body organs that are carried by the bloodstream and usually influence cells some distance from the source of production. Hormones signal certain enzymes to perform their functions and, in this way, regulate such body functions as blood sugar levels, insulin levels, the menstrual cycle, and growth. These can be prescription, over-the-counter, synthetic or natural agents. Examples include adrenal hormones such as corticosteroids and aldosterone; glucagon, growth hormone, insulin, testosterone, estrogens, progestins, progesterone, DHEA, melatonin, and thyroid hormones such as thyroxine and calcitonin.
Insulin: A hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin stimulates the liver, muscles, and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood for use or storage.
Iodine: A essential mineral that is an integral part of the thyroid hormones, thyroxin and triiodothyronine which have important metabolic roles and govern basal metabolism. The best known iodine deficiency symptom is goiter. Other iodine deficiency problems are reduced vitality, hypothyroidism, inability to think clearly, low resistance to infection, loss of control of the muscles of the mouth resulting in mouth contortion and drooling, defective teeth, tendency to obesity and cretinism which is a congenital abnormal condition marked by physical stunting and mental deficiency.
Iron: An essential mineral. Prevents anemia: as a constituent of hemoglobin, transports oxygen throughout the body. Virtually all of the oxygen used by cells in the life process are brought to the cells by the hemoglobin of red blood cells. Iron is a small but most vital, component of the hemoglobin in 20,000 billion red blood cells, of which 115 million are formed every minute. Heme iron (from meat) is absorbed 10 times more readily than the ferrous or ferric form.
Low-Density Lipoprotein: (LDL): Also known as "bad" cholesterol, LDLs are large, dense, protein-fat particles composed of a moderate proportion of protein and a high proportion of cholesterol. Higher levels of LDLs are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell found in lymph, blood, and other specialized tissue such as bone marrow and tonsils, constituting between 22 and 28 percent of all white blood cells in the blood of a normal adult human being. B- and T-lymphocytes are crucial components of the immune system. The B-lymphocytes are primarily responsible for antibody production. The T-lymphocytes are involved in the direct attack against living organisms. The helper T-lymphocyte, a subtype, is the main cell infected and destroyed by the AIDS virus.
Melatonin: The only hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the pineal gland. The hormone appears to inhibit numerous endocrine functions, including the gonadotropic hormones. Research exists on the efficacy of melatonin in treating jet lag and certain sleep disorders. Dosages greater than l milligram have been associated with drowsiness, headaches, disturbances in sleep/wake cycles and is contraindicated in those who are on antidepressive medication. It also negatively influences insulin utilization.
Microgram: (mcg): 1/1,000 of a milligram in weight.
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A technique used in diagnosis that combines radio waves and magnetic forces to produce detailed images of the internal structures of the body.
ng: Nanogram: 0.000000001 or a billionth of a gram.
Occult Blood: Usually: Occult blood test. A test used in screening for blood found in the stool, sputum or urine. The most common test is for hidden blood in the stool, also known as a stool guaiac or hemoccult test, which usually indicates the presence of ulceration or cancer.
Phosphorus: The second most abundant mineral in the body found in every living cell. It is involved in the proper functioning of both muscles and nerves. It is needed for metabolic processes of all cells, to activate many other nutrients, and to form energy-storage and energy-releasing compounds. The phosphorus content of the body is approximately one percent of total body weight. Phosphorus combines with fats to form phospholipids.
Potassium: A mineral that serves as an electrolyte and is involved in the balance of fluid within the body. Our bodies contain more than twice as much potassium as sodium (typically 9oz versus 4oz). About 98% of total body potassium is inside our cells. Potassium is the principal cation (positive ion) of the fluid within cells and is important in controlling the activity of the heart, muscles, nervous system and just about every cell in the body. Potassium regulates the water balance and acid-base balance in the blood and tissues. Evidence is showing that potassium is also involved in bone calcification. Potassium is a cofactor in many reactions, especially those involving energy production and muscle building.
Prostate: The prostate gland in men that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra and produces a secretion that liquefies coagulated semen.
Protein: Compounds composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen present in the body and in foods that form complex combinations of amino acids. Protein is essential for life and is used for growth and repair. Foods that supply the body with protein include animal products, grains, legumes, and vegetables. Proteins from animal sources contain the essential amino acids. Proteins are changed to amino acids in the body.
Pyridoxine: (Vitamin B-6): A B-complex vitamin that plays a role as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It facilitates the release of glycogen for energy from the liver and muscles. It also participates in the utilization of energy in the brain and nervous tissue and is essential for the regulation of the central nervous system.
Red Blood Cell: Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of blood.
Serum: The cell-free fluid of the bloodstream. It appears in a test tube after the blood clots and is often used in expressions relating to the levels of certain compounds in the blood stream.
Sodium: An essential mineral that our bodies regulate and conserve. Excess sodium retention increases the fluid volume (edema) and low sodium leads to less fluid and relative dehydration. The adult body averages a total content of over 100 grams of sodium, of which a surprising one-third is in bone. A small amount of sodium does get into cell interiors, but this represents only about ten percent of the body content. The remaining 57 percent or so of the body sodium content is in the fluid immediately surrounding the cells, where it is the major cation (positive ion). The role of sodium in the extracellular fluid is maintaining osmotic equilibrium (the proper difference in ions dissolved in the fluids inside and outside the cell) and extracellular fluid volume. Sodium is also involved in nerve impulse transmission, muscle tone and nutrient transport. All of these functions are interrelated with potassium.
T4: Thyroxin, thyroid hormone also prepared synthetically, for treatment of hypothyroidism and myxedema.
Testosterone: The principal male sex hormone that induces and maintains the changes that take place in males at puberty. In men, the testicles continue to produce testosterone throughout life, though there is some decline with age. A naturally occurring androgenic hormone.
Thyroid: Thyroid Gland: An organ with many veins. It is at the front of the neck. It is essential to normal body growth in infancy and childhood. It releases thyroid hormones - iodine-containing compounds that increase the rate of metabolism, affect body temperature, regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate catabolism in all cells. They keep up growth hormone release, skeletal maturation, and heart rate, force, and output. They promote central nervous system growth, stimulate the making of many enzymes, and are necessary for muscle tone and vigor.
Triglyceride: The main form of fat found in foods and the human body. Containing three fatty acids and one unit of glycerol, triglycerides are stored in adipose cells in the body, which, when broken down, release fatty acids into the blood. Triglycerides are fat storage molecules and are the major lipid component of the diet.
Tryptophan: Essential amino acid. Natural relaxant and sleep aid due to its precursor role in serotonin (a neurotransmitter) synthesis. Along with tyrosine, it is used in the treatment of addictions.
Vitamin B6: Influences many body functions including regulating blood glucose levels, manufacturing hemoglobin and aiding the utilization of protein, carbohydrates and fats. It also aids in the function of the nervous system.
White Blood Cell: (WBC): A blood cell that does not contain hemoglobin: a blood corpuscle responsible for maintaining the body's immune surveillance system against invasion by foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria. White cells become specifically programmed against foreign invaders and work to inactivate and rid the body of a foreign substance. Also known as a leukocyte.
Zinc: An essential trace mineral. The functions of zinc are enzymatic. There are over 70 metalloenzymes known to require zinc for their functions. The main biochemicals in which zinc has been found to be necessary include: enzymes and enzymatic function, protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Zinc is a constituent of insulin and male reproductive fluid. Zinc is necessary for the proper metabolism of alcohol, to get rid of the lactic acid that builds up in working muscles and to transfer it to the lungs. Zinc is involved in the health of the immune system, assists vitamin A utilization and is involved in the formation of bone and teeth.
Your attitude determines your outcome. Successful people embrace this truth, whether it is a doctor going into surgery, a pastor preparing a sermon or a business-person launching a new venture. Confidence increases your chance of success every time. When you approach a task, especially one you do not relish, fix your mind on the facts, not your feelings. That will put your attitude on the right track.
